Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry covers a range of activities that encompass three subsectors-Upstream, Midstream and Downstream.
Upstream-Exploration and Production. Midstream-processing for gas and transportation. Downstream-Refining for oil, distribution and marketing.
Next is the breakdown of activities within the value chain-Fully Integrated Oil & Gas Companies: these are companies that operates in all aspects of the sector.
Oil and Gas Operators-These companies explore and produce crude oil and natural gas.
Pipeline operators-these operators use a network of pipes or compressor stations to transport crude oil, gas and refined products.
Trainers, Trade and Professional Organizations-these institutions support the industry and its employees. Trade organizations pursue policy beneficial to the industry.
Government Agencies-Regulators-they monitor and supervise the industry to ensure compliance with industry standards.
Refineries-these companies purchase and process crude oil into finished products.
Marketers-these companies purchase refined products and sell to retail outlets or own retail outlets.
Service Companies-these companies support core functions of the value chain and range from companies that provides drilling services, equipment supply and maintenance services, laboratory and calibration services to aviation/marine services and other logistics support services like catering and hospitality, medicals etc
From crude to products-Crude Oil→Getting Oil & Gas to the Surface→Take Crude oil and gas through pipelines/vessels/tankers→Convert Crude oil to products→distribution of oil and gas products to the markets through the filling stations etc
Gas-Produce→Process→Transport→Market.
Oil & Gas Upstream Phases and Activities
Geological, Resource, Environment Mapping →Exploration→Field and Facility Development →Production→Decommisioning→Transportation →Refining/Marketing
Geological, Resource, Environment Mapping →Seismic Survey, Seismic Interpretation, Dredging, Laboratory Services, Marine Surveys.
Exploration→Rig Provision, Drilling Services, Directional Drilling, Logging, Drilling Muds, Drilling Bits, Fishing Services, Mud Logging, Coring, Casing & Running, Cementing, Wireline Logging, Perforating, Logistics, Well Testing, Wellheads, Completion Equipments.
Field & Facility Development →Platform Construction, Seabed Survey, Subsea Installation, Infrastructure (Pipelines, Flowlines, Umbilical), Wellheads etc
Production→Production Enhancement, Modifications to Platform, Inspection & Repair of Topside Infrastructure, Day to Day Operations, Logistics, Reservoir Management, Well Intervention and Work over: recompletion, tubing, recementing, production logging, perforation, fracturing.
Decommissioning→Engineering, Deconstruction, Material Disposal, Site Monitoring.
Transportation→Pipelines, Compressor Stations, Shuttle Tankers.
Refining/marketing→Refining, Distribution, Manufacturing, Transportation, Marketing: Fuels (petrol PMS), Diesel (AGO), Kerosene (DPK, ATK, HHK), Bitumen, Liquified Petroelum Gas (LPG), lower pour fuel oil (LPFO), High pour fuel oil (HPF), tank farm, lubes, chemicals etc
Phase Activity-Survey and Exploration-Seismic Survey, data acquisition & appraisal for the identification of area with possible oil and gas reserve and confirmation by drilling.
Phase Activity-Development-provision of wells, field facilities, pipeline separations for production of crude from wellheads to seperations for treatment of oil, gas and water and the oil terminals.
Phase Activity-Production-the production movements of hydrocarbons from wellbore to terminals with necessary seperations and treatment of crude oil, gas and water.
Phase Activity-Decommissioning-Removal of buildings and equipment and restoration of the site.
Phase Activity-Transportation-Transportation of crude oil to the local refineries and export to buyers overseas.
Phase Activity-Marketing-Supply of refined petroleum products via the marketers to the local
